Critical Race and Ethnic Studies
The CRES major (10 courses) and minor (6 courses) introduce students to the study of a race, racism and racialization through an interdisciplinary lens that will allow students to take courses in literature, history, religious studies, music, Classics, psychology, sociology, anthropology and many other programs. Students are encouraged to explore a broad range of academic fields in completing their plan of study.
Areas of Study
All CRES courses have a significant focus on race, racism and racialization, but they cover an impressive array of topics, time periods and geographical areas, including (but not limited to):
- The role of science fiction in anti-racist movements
- The racial implications of border policies, migration patterns and travel bans
- The role of religion in racialization projects and struggles for racial justice
- How race operated in Antiquity
- How slavery and the dispossession of Native American lands shape today’s patterns of wealth distribution
- Music as a form of resistance and activism for racialized groups
- The effect of racially coded policies on housing, business and educational opportunities
- How graphic novels became central to civil rights narratives
- Why health inequalities based on race persist to this day
- What the prison abolition movement proposes
Course Categories
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Gateways courses provide a broad introduction to core concepts of Critical Race and Ethnic Studies in order to demonstrate the relevance of race and ethnicity in academic inquiry.
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Frameworks courses are centered on one or more theoretical traditions or methodologies applicable to multiple tracks.
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Intermediate courses focus on a particular topic relevant to the study of race, racialization and ethnicity from any disciplinary perspective.
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Advanced Seminar and Capstone courses foster students' ability to facilitate critical discussions informed by leading research in the field.
Curricular Tracks
Courses in Transnational Approaches and Social Change understand race and ethnicity not as stable concepts, but as mutable formations that shape and are shaped by sociopolitical and economic forces. Aligned with foundational critical ethnic studies and the centrality of intersectionality, these courses interrogate the process of racialization as one driven by differing power relationships while subject to unpredictable and fluctuating sociopolitical forces that cut across national borders and histories. As Édouard Glissant shows with the concept of the archipelago, what seems disparate is often interconnected and mutually constituted. We should interrogate, for example, if and how one community’s freedom might be contingent on another’s bondage. This track explores how our global histories of colonialism, slavery, capitalism and migration were shaped by transcontinental forces and should not be understood as teleological narratives of progress or as isolated phenomena. We also consider how activists work to confront or resist these issues alongside counter-revolutionary strategies employed to maintain these oppressive phenomena. Ultimately, these courses focus on how change agents operate to command, challenge or otherwise change how race manifests at key intersections of geographic, historical and material conditions.
Courses in this track should:
- Interrogate racialization as a process driven by shifting power differentials, and shaped by sociopolitical, cultural, and economic forces
- Develop a comparative focus on how change agents operate in specific geographic and historic contexts, and consider change over time in similar geographic locations
- Consider the limits of identity formations and national boundaries as the basis of inquiry, as defined by geography, by empire, or by time
This track interrogates how media, knowledges and representations are embedded in institutional structures, including academic disciplines, as well as other sites of knowledge production and dissemination. Courses explore how individuals and communities use cultural forms for self-expression and to intervene in social structures of disempowerment and inequitable access to the material resources of knowledge and media production. How do individuals and social groups invent new means of resistance and survival through cultural expression reproduced and shared over time? How do those forms of resistance and survival engender alternative epistemologies or recover previously disavowed ones? As Toni Morrison wrote, “Word-work is sublime…because it is generative; it makes meaning that secures our difference, our human difference – the way in which we are like no other life.” Drawing upon disparate forms of art, comics, music, film, written expression and other forms of media, this track provides opportunities to think about how representation shapes identity and power in global societies, both historically and in contemporary contexts.
Courses in this track should:
- Consider how groups or individuals activate creative forms to intervene in racial or ethnic representation that reify systemic power differentials
- Examine how forms of knowledge and representation constitute sites of both oppression and resistance
- Attend to the multiplicity of subjectivities in the context of the transient and situational nature of identity and power
Sample Courses
An examination of 1) the emergence of race in modern societies, with special emphasis on the North American context; 2) the role of race in shaping power dynamics in the US historically; 3) contemporary consequences of racial power dynamics in the US today.
This course analyzes the colonial experience of African people in sub-Saharan Africa, from the late 19th century and throughout the twentieth century. European colonialism in Africa transformed customs, traditions and social organizations, introduced new boundaries between peoples and erased others through the institutionalization of racism and the creation of new ethnicities. The history, theory and practice of colonialism (and neocolonialism) are presented in this course through historical documents, scholarly writing, literature and film. We will explore the long-term economic, psychological and cultural effects and legacies of colonialism on the colonized. Finally, we will examine the episodes and events invoked by anti-colonialism and nationalism as colonized peoples resisted colonial domination. Fundamental to all these debates are concerns with the gendered and racist ideology of colonization — themes that also echo in the anti-colonial rebellions and liberation movements in Africa.
This course will critically examine the social construction of race and racism in different cultural contexts. The course will question the biological basis of racial difference, and take anthropology to task for participating in a long history of scientific racism. After this quick historical background, we will tackle contemporary forms of racism across the world, and read about the struggles against racism and white supremacy, from the fight against settler colonialism and segregation, to Black Lives Matter and immigration rights. Racist ideologies are deeply entrenched in institutions and have ongoing effects on the health, wellbeing and livelihood of millions of people, so it is crucial we become aware of the way racism operates to begin the work of undoing it.
This course focuses on the rhetoric and practice of abolition. We explore tactics in speech, writing and direct action taken up by nineteenth-century abolitionists. Then, we explore contemporary activists’ use of abolitionist frameworks to advance the cause of racial justice. Readings include texts by John Brown, Sarah and Angelina Grimké, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Michelle Alexander, Ruth Wilson Gilmore and Angela Davis.
This course will examine contemporary African American drama and highlight long-running traditions in the genre as well as revisions and sequels to some of its most canonical plays. Through the plays, additional readings and performances, we will explore questions of slang, dialect and accent; how history is presented and challenged on stage; the relationship between social justice and drama; debates about colorblind versus color-conscious casting; and audience reception.
Once a marginalized and discredited artform, comics and graphic novels has enjoyed a cultural resurgence and aesthetic renaissance in the 21stcentury. Concomitantly, questions of racial justice and equity have resurfaced in both U.S. and global culture and have begun to be addressed in long overdue ways. Perhaps unsurprisingly, contemporary comics and graphic novels have become a favorite medium (among others) for intervening in racial justice discourse. Therefore, this class will balance a literary perspective on the artistic contents of this exciting body of literature while simultaneously embracing a social science approach to its contexts. We will explore a growing canon of key authors and texts growing increasingly visible on college syllabi and popular best-seller lists. At the core of this class, we will ask what the graphic narrative form offers seekers of social justice and how social science can enrich our understanding of the relationship between art and equity.
Meet Your Department Chair
Requirements
Majors in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies will take ten courses in (or cross-listed with) CRES, including:
- One Gateways Course
- One Frameworks Course
- Three Intermediate Courses in focus track (chosen fall of Junior year)
- At least one Advanced Seminar or equivalent project
- Four Electives (excluding Gateways)
- At least two electives must be outside of the U.S./North American context (Indigenous/Native nations count as non-U.S.)
Minors in Critical Race and Ethnic Studies take six courses in (or cross-listed with) CRES, including:
- One Gateways Course
- One Frameworks Course
- One Intermediate Course
- One Advanced Seminar or equivalent project
- Two electives (excluding Gateways)
- At least one elective must be outside the U.S./ North American context (Indigenous/Native nations count as non-U.S.)
Opportunities
The Holy Cross Alumni Anti-Racism Alliance (CHARA)
CRES works closely with CHARA, and we plan to offer mentoring partnerships for CRES students and CHARA alumni in the future.