HIST200: ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY
Fall 2004
Prof. Theresa McBride
Department of History
 O'Kane  363 - (508)793-2770
tmcbride@holycross.edu
Office hours: M, W 1:00 - 2:45, Thurs 11:00 – 12:00

     If this is a typical day on planet earth, we will lose 116 square miles of rain forest, or about an acre a second.  We will lose another 72 square miles to encroaching deserts, the results of human mismanagement and overpopulation.  We will lose 40 to 250 species, and no one knows whether the number is 40 or 250.  Today the human population will increase by 250,000.  And today we will add 2,700 tons of chlorofluorocarbons and 15 million tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.  Tonight the earth will be a little hotter, its waters more acidic, and the fabric of life more threadbare. 
             - David Orr, Earth in Mind (1994)

    None of these problems is recent in its making.  Human history since the beginnings has been shaped by the circumstances of climate, disease, toxicity in the environment,  population levels, urbanization,  changes in agriculture and fishing.  Human civilizations have risen and fallen as a result at least in part of environmental factors. The history of our own society is interwoven with that of the rest of the globe.  In the first part of the course, we will examine the abiding factors that have affected historical events since the beginning of settled agricultural societies.  In the second part, we will concentrate upon a series of environmental crises in the modern period which affect the future of human society as we know it, including  population growth, climate change, toxic pollution,  the extinction of species, the destruction of habitats, and the diminution and salinisation of the world's water supply.
   The course is designed as a humanistic introduction to the interdisciplinary field of environmental studies and is approved for the multidisciplinary major or minor in environmental studies. 

ATTENDANCE
  Attendance must be regular and participation by all students is expected.  Assigned readings should be read for the date indicated.  If circumstances prevent your attendance, you are responsible for all assignments or study questions given during that class and any reading material assigned for that discussion. 

EVALUATION 
Class Participation       (includes breakout sessions)                 20% 
Papers                           (includes Breaking News papers)       30%

Mid-term Exam                                                                       30%
Final Exam                                                                              20%                                                                               

 

COURSE READINGS (Copies of these are available in the bookstore.) 
 Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World
 William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England

William Cronon, "The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature," pp. 69-90, in  Uncommon Ground, ed., William Cronon [E-Res]

 Tim Dickinson, “Diary of a Dying Planet,”  The Rolling Stone, June 10, 2004

 Tim Appenzeller, “The End of Cheap Oil,”  National Geographic, June 2004
 Michael Pollan, The Botany of Desire, “The Potato, ” pp. 183-238,  [E-Res]
 Aldo Leopold, “A Sand County Almanac” and “Thinking Like a Mountain” [E-Res

 John Muir, “A Wind Storm” [E-Res

 Anne Whiston Spirn, "Constructing Nature: The Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted," pp. 91-113, Uncommon Ground , ed., William Cronon [E-Res

 Rachel Carson, “Silent Spring”[E-Res

 Sandra Steingraber, Living Downstream:A Scientist Looks at Cancer and the Environment, pp.  [E-Res

Timothy Beatley, Green Urbanism

CALENDAR:

 
Sep 1   Introduction 

 

Sep 3   Lessons of Easter Island
Clive Ponting, A Green History of the World, 1-7

 

Sep 6   Ninety-Nine Percent of Human History 
Ponting, 8-36 

 

Sep 8   The First Great Transition 
Ponting, 37-67

 

Sep 10 Death and Survival of Civilizations

Ponting, 68-87

 

Sep 13 The Long Struggle

Ponting, 88-116

 

Sep 15 The Spread of European Settlement

Ponting, 117-140

 

Sep 17 European Transformations

“The Potato”, from The Botany of Desire 

Sep 20  New England Environment
William Cronon, Changes in the Land, pp. 3-81

 

Sep 22 New England Environment

William Cronon, Changes in the Land, pp. 82-170

 

Sep 24 Thinking About Nature
William Cronon, "The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature," pp. 69-90, Uncommon Ground  

 

Sep 27  Thinking About Nature , II
Ponting, 141-160

John Muir, “A Wind Storm”

 

Sep 29 Rape of the World

Ponting, 161-175

 

Oct 1 – No class; Breaking News paper due

 

Oct 4  Rape of the World, II

Ponting, 175-193

Aldo Leopold, “A Sand County Almanac” and “Thinking Like a Mountain”

 

Oct  6  Creating the Third World

Ponting, 194-223  

 

Oct 8  Changing Face of Death
Ponting, 224-239

 

Oct 11 - No class

 

Oct 13  Weight of Numbers
Ponting, 240-254

 

Oct 15  Weight of Numbers

Ponting, 254-266

 

Oct 18  - Mid-term Exam

 

Oct 20 Industrialization: The Second Great Transition

Ponting, 267-294

 

Oct 22  The Rise of the City

Ponting, 295-314

“The Diary of a Dying Planet”

 

 

Oct 25  Nature in the City
Anne Whiston Spirn, "Constructing Nature: The Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted,"  91-113, Uncommon Ground  

 

Oct 27  The Affluent Society

Ponting, 315-325

“The End of Cheap Oil”

 

Oct 29  The Affluent Society

Ponting, 325-345

 

Nov 1 Polluting the World,

Ponting, 346-392

Breaking News – 2nd paper due

 

Nov 3  Polluting the World

Rachel Carson, “Silent Spring “

Sandra Steingraber, Living Downstream, 16-29

 

Nov 5  Polluting the World, II

Ponting, 365-392

 

Nov 8  The Phantom Epidemic

Davis, When Smoke Ran Like Water, 1-54

 

Nov 10  Becoming a Statistic

When Smoke Ran Like Water, 55-122

 

Nov 12  Science and the Public Interest

When Smoke Ran Like Water, 123-158, 159-192

 

Nov 15  A Global Experiment

When Smoke Ran Like Water, 192-222, 223-272

 

Nov 17No class; required lecture: Devra Davis, author of When Smoke Ran Like Water, Hogan Ballroom, 7PM - Discussion with author, Wed 3-4:15 and/or Thurs 11-12:15

 

Nov 19 Wrap-up discussion and paper due

 

Nov 22  Saving the City

Beatley, Green Urbanism, chap. 1

 

Nov 29  Green Solutions

Green Urbanism, chap. 2, 3

 

Dec 1  Green Solutions, II

Green Urbanism, chap. 4, 5, 6

 

Dec 3  The Shadow of the Past

Ponting, 393-407 

 

Dec 6 Conclusion

 Dec 16 (Thurs) 9:30 – 11:30 AM - Final Exam