Economics 313                      Mathematics for Economists

J.R. Carter

Spring 2008

 

Text:

 

Carl P. Simon and Lawrence Blume, Mathematics for Economists
(New York:  Norton, 1994).

 

Reading Selections From:

 

Alpha C. Chiang, Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, 3d ed. (New York:  McGraw-Hill,1984).

Jeffrey Baldani, James Bradfield, and Robert Turner, Mathematical Economics
(Ft. Worth:  Dryden Press, 1996).

Cliff J. Huang and Philip S. Crooke, Mathematics and Mathematica for Economists (Malden, MA:  Blackwell Publishers, 1997).

George G. Judge et al., Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Econometrics,
2d ed. (New York:  Wiley, 1988).

Knut Sydsaeter and Peter J. Hammond, Mathematics for Economic Analysis (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:  Prentice-Hall, 1995).

Richard E. Williamson and Hale F. Trotter, Multivariable Mathematics, 3d ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ:  Prentice Hall, 1996).

Ronald J. Wonnacott and Thomas H. Wonnacott, Econometrics, 2d ed.
(New York:  John Wiley, 1979).

 

Most selections that are not distributed in class are available on ERES with password econ313.

 

Graded Assignments:

 

Problem Sets                                                  10%

First Exam                  February 26                 30%

Second Exam             April 3                          30%

Final Exam                  May 6                           30%

 

Late problem sets are accepted with penalty until answer sheets are distributed.  Exemptions from problem sets and midterm exams require a note from your class dean.  Makeup exams are not given; assignment weights are redistributed.  Exams, including the final, must be taken at the appointed time.  As described by the College’s academic honesty policy, cheating and collusion on exams are prohibited.

 


Provisional Course Outline (with additional applications in problem sets):

 

I.  Introduction and Review

 

Course Introduction

Application:  Optimization, Equilibrium, and Comparative Statics in a Linear Market Model

Baldani et al., Chap. 2.5, "Profit Maximization:  Duopoly," pp. 47-53 (optional).

Basic Math and Calculus (Reviewed by Student)

Chap. 2, pp. 10-34.

Chap. 5, pp. 82-92.

Baldani et al., Appendix 1, "Calculus Review," pp. 20-29.

 

II.  Linear Systems and Matrix Algebra

 

Introduction

Chap. 6, pp. 107-108.

Solving Linear Systems by Gauss-Jordan Elimination

Chap. 7, pp. 122-128, 129-140.

Matrices and Matrix Operations

Transpose, Identity, and Inverse Matrices

Chap. 8, pp. 153-166, 180-181.

Vector Geometry, Linear Independence, and Rank

Chap. 10, pp. 199-208.

Wonnacott and Wonnacott, Chap. 14.1, "The Geometric Interpretation of Vectors," pp. 376-389.

Chap. 10, pp. 209-220.

Chap. 11.

Nonsingularity and Determinants

Chap. 9, pp. 188-193.

Chap. 26, pp. 726-734.

Inverting Matrices with Elementary Row Operations and with Adjoints

Solving Square Systems by Matrix Inversion and Cramer's Rule

Chap. 8, pp. 162-172.

Chap. 9, pp. 194-196.

Chap. 26, pp. 735-738.

Application:  Duopoly Equilibrium Revisited

Baldani et al., Chap. 4.5, "A Simple Model of Duopoly," and Chap. 4.6, "Duopoly with Nonzero Conjectural Variations," pp. 111-115.

 


III.  Vector Calculus

 

Introduction

Closed, Bounded, Compact, and Convex Sets

Sydsaeter and Hammond, Chap. 17.2, "A Dash of Topology,"
pp. 603-605.

Vector Functions and Vector-Valued Functions

Chap. 13, pp. 273-277, 287-292.

Jacobian Derivatives:  Affine Approximations, First-Order Differentials, and Gradients

Chap. 14, pp. 307-312, 323-326.

Chap. 14, pp. 319-322.

Williamson and Trotter, Chap. 5.4A, "Directional Derivatives,"
pp. 170-172.

Chain Rule Generalized to Vector and Vector-Valued Functions

Williamson and Trotter, Chap. 6.2, "The Chain Rule,"
pp. 195-204.

Implicit Function Theorem

Chap. 15, pp. 334-341, 342-350, 350-358.

Williamson and Trotter, Chap. 6.3, "Implicit Differentiation,"
pp. 211-218.

Application:  Comparative Statics of a Single-Commodity Market

Matrix Differentiation

Judge et al., Appendix A.17, "Vector and Matrix Differentiation,"
pp. 967-969.

 

IV.  Unconstrained Optimization

 

One-Variable Optimization (Reviewed by Student)

Chap. 3, pp. 51-57.

First-Order Conditions for Local Optimum

Chap. 17, pp. 396-398.

Quadratic Approximations, Second-Order Differentials, and Quadratic Forms

Chap. 16, pp. 375-385.

Second-Order Conditions for Local Optimum

Chap. 17, pp.  398-400.

Convexity, Concavity, and Global Optimum (optional)

Chap. 21, pp. 505-522.

Chap. 17, pp. 402-404.

Chiang, Chap. 11.5, "Second-Order Conditions in Relation to Concavity and Convexity," pp. 337-340.

Application:  Comparative Statics of Factor Demand

 


V.  Constrained Optimization

 

Introduction to Lagrange-Multiplier Method

First-Order Conditions for Local Constrained Optimum

Chap. 18, pp. 411-423.

Economic Interpretation of the Lagrange Multiplier

Chap. 19, pp. 448-450.

Second-Order Conditions for Local Constrained Optimum

Chap. 16, pp. 386-391.

Chap. 19, pp. 457-463.

Huang and Crooke, Chap. 11.2.3, "Sufficient Conditions," pp. 427-434 (optional, with different notation for principal minors).

Quasiconcavity, Quasiconvexity, and Global Constrained Optimum (optional)

Chap. 21, pp. 522-533.

Application:  Pure Public Goods and the Crowding-Out Hypothesis

Application:  Least-Cost Input Combination (optional)

Chap. 22, pp. 557-564.

Application:  Compensated Demand, Marshallian Demand, and
the Slutsky Equation (optional)

Chap. 22, pp. 544-557.

 

VI.  Exponents and Logarithms (recommended for future study)

 

Exponential Functions

Continuous Compounding and the Number e

Logarithms

Properties and Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Application:  Optimal Holding Time

Chap. 5

 

VII.  Value Functions, Envelope Theorem, and Duality (recommended for future study)

 

Value Functions

Envelope Theorem for Unconstrained Optimization

Application:  Price-Taker Maximum Profit Function

Baldani et al., Chap. 13, "Value Functions and the Envelope Theorem:  Theory," pp. 308-314.

Envelope Theorem for Constrained Optimization

Application:  Indirect Utility Function

Baldani et al., Chap. 13, "Value Functions and the Envelope Theorem:  Theory," pp. 314-317, 319-321.

Duality and the Slutsky Equation Revisited

Baldani et al., Chap. 14, "Value Functions and the Envelope Theorem:  Duality and Other Applications," pp. 324-329, 336-339.