Animal Physiology (Biology 390) Class Materials and Schedule Fall 2009 College of the Holy Cross Department of Biology Dr. Ken Prestwich
	Rachael warms up! Photo by Mara.

Cl #1 9 / 2 (W)	Preface -- Introduction to Animal Physiology Introduction to physiology and its central concept -- regulation Class #1& 2 PP -- Regulation
Cl #2 9 / 4 (F)	Part 1. Metabolism and Temperature An overview of energy transformations -- General principles of bioenergetics Class #2 PP: Gen Principles of Bioenergetics
Cl #3 9 / 7 (M)	Finish overview of energy x-forms. An overview of the biochemistry of metabolism -- the regulation of ATP concentration. Class #3 PP -- bioenergetics continues Lab Week #1: Plasma Glucose Regulation
Cl #4 9 / 9 (W)	The regulation of ATP concentration. Catabolic pathways: Aerobic metabolism. Class #4 PP -- bioenergetics continues
Cl #5 9 / 11 (F)	Aerobic metabolism and the RQ concept and its uses (aerobic metabolism notes) Anaerobic metabolism   PP is same as previous class
Cl #6 9 / 14 (M)	Respiratory quotients (previous notes) PP is same as previous class RQ Problems (try these after class) RQ Table (also attached to Aerobic Metabolism Notes) RQ Problem solutions Lab Week #2: Measuring metabolism: Metabolic rate and body size.
Cl #7  9 / 16 (W)	The regulation of metabolism and start activity metabolism. PP - metabolism during activity Scope and Efficiency Problems Study Questions on Metabolism Solutions to scope and efficiency problems
Cl #8 9 / 18 (F)	Finish activity metabolism (notes above) PP - metabolism during activity
Cl #9 9 / 21 (M)	begin Ectothermy: temperature regulation and metabolism Ectothermy and Q10 problem Ectothermy and Q10 solution Temperature Regulation Study Questions PP -- basic thermal biology & ectothermy Lab #3: Metabolism and temperature
Cl #10 9 / 23 (W)	Finish ectothermy. Heliothermy. PP same as above
Cl #11 9 / 25 (F)	Patterns of heliothermy. Seasonal thermal acclimation in heliotherms. Textbook Reading Assignment: Ch. 6--Temperature and Ch. 7--Temperature Regulation (entire unit) -- END MATERIAL FOR EXAM #1 (Material ends with heliothermy and seasonal thermal acclimation in ectotherms.)
Cl #12 9 / 28 (M)	A few minutes to ask a few questions. Endothermy   Euthermy Problems Evaporative Water Loss Problems Euthermy solutions Evap Water Loss Solutions same as above + Euthermy PP am #1 from 2 to 4 PM in our classroom. No lab.
Cl #13 9 / 30 (W)	finish endothermy: torpor & hibernation, Intermittent endothermy, seasonal acclimation Same notes as previous class
Cl #14 10 / 2 (F)	The effect of large scale differences in body size. Scaling notes.   Scaling Problems Solutions to Scaling Problems Scaling study questions PP - Scaling PP Muscle Morphology PP
Cl #15 10 / 5 (M)	Part 2. The Physiology of Contractile Systems A. Introduction and the Biochemistry of Contraction Muscle morphology and the biochemistry of contraction PP - SkM Morphology and EC Coupling Lab #4: Muscle Function
Cl #16 10 / 7 (W)	Excitation - Contraction Coupling in skeletal muscle (SkM) Begin EC Coupling in Smooth muscles same as above plus
Cl #17 10 / 9 (F)	Smooth muscle EC coupling PP - SM Muscle EC Coupling
No Class or Lab -- Columbus Day Break (Oct. 12 and 13)
Cl #18 10 / 14 (W)	Part 2: The Physiology of Contractile Systems B. Elasticity and Contraction. begin Skeletal muscle biophysics PP - Muscle Biophysics
Cl #19 10 / 16 (F)	Integrated skeletal muscle function Finish integrated skeletal muscle function. Some discussion of textbook questions dealing with muscle.(if time) PP - Integrated Muscle Function Schmidt-Nielson Ch. 10 Movement Chapter Study Questions
Cl #20 10 / 19 (M)	Finish integrated skeletal muscle function   Lab #5: Muscle Function (the one we didn't do the previous week)
Cl #21 10 / 21 (W)	Finish skeletal muscle recruitment.   Muscle Study Questions Exam #2 will go through muscles.
Cl #22 10 / 23(F)	Part 3: Excitable Cells Resource -- Electricity for physiology students - (a review, hopefully) Information, signals, and biological systems -- a broad, almost philosophical overview of signalling and information.  The resting potential PP - Electricity review (brief) and Signalling Overview PP - Resting Potentials Excitable cell RMP problems Excitable Cell Problem Solutions
Cl #23 10 / 26 (M)	The resting potential RMP pp (last class) Exam #2 (through muscles) from 2 to 4 PM in the lab period. (no lab)
Cl #24 10 / 28 (W)	Begin "Moving" potentials: the basics of passive and active changes in membrane potential. RMP pp (last class) PP - Action Potentials
Cl #25 10 / 30 (F)	The voltage clamp   same PP as previous class Voltage clamp problems Voltage clamp solutions to problems
Cl #26 11 /2 (M)	Transmission of bioelectrical potentials   PP - Action Potentials PP -- AP transmission Lab #6: Neuronal function simulations and compound action potentials
Cl #27 11 / 4 (W)	Finish axonal transmission. PP -- AP transmission Additional Excitable Cell Study Questions
Cl #28 11 / 6 (F)	The basics of Synaptic transmission An overview of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems PP -- Synaptic Transmission and Autonomic NS Textbook Reading Assignment for entire unit: Ch. 3 -- Circulations
Cl #29 11 / 9 (M)	Part 4: Circulation Introduction to circulations Basic Fluid Dynamics PP -- Synaptic Transmission and Autonomic NS PP -- Circulation Overview and Basic Fluid Dynamics Lab #7: EKG interpretation
Cl #30 11 / 11 (W)	Vasculature & Lymph PP same as above + Cardiac Physiology
Cl #31 11 / 13 (F)	Finish vasculature Cardiac physiology -- cardiac electrophys PP same as above
Cl #32 11 / 16 (M)	Mechanical work of the heart. PP same as above Lab #8: Integrated physiology week 1
Cl #33 11 / 18 (W)	Summary diagram for the heart How arteries alter cardiac output and influence cardiac work Overall control of mammalian circulations (we'll probably start this) Circulation Problems Atherosclerosis Peripheral Resistance Fick Principle Problem Solutions to atherosclerosis problems Solutions to peripheral resistance problems Solutions to Fick Principle problem   PP -- Cardiac Cycle diagram (above) + Operation of arteries + Overall circulatory regulation
Cl #34 11 / 20 (F)	Finish overall control of the circulation -- end of material for exam #3. Part 5: The Regulation of Fluid and Ionic Balance Begin Kidney anatomy, function, and the clearance concept PP -- Overall circulatory regulation (same as above) + PP excretion and the kidney
Cl #35 11 / 23 (M)	Filtration and clearance -- same notes as previous class. Water conservation Excretion Problems Renal Clearance Lung and Renal Clearance Glucose Clearance       Fluid compartments handout -- for those who want to read about this topic Exam #3 from 2 to 4 PM in the lab period (no lab)
11 / 24 through 11 / 29 ---- THANKSGIVING VACATION
Cl #36 11 / 30 (M)	Part 6: Respiratory Physiology A. Overview and the comparative physiology of respiration & behavior of gases in watery solutions. Overview of respiratory systems A survey of animal respiratory systems -- means of dealing with the constraint of diffusion Q&A only -- sorry, but we must get through this to have a complete view of the respiratory system. Gas Laws Solubility Problems Siren Metabolism and Diffusion Problem       Part 6: Respiratory Physiology B. Blood gas transport The behavior of respiratory gases in watery solutions -- this is what we will spend most of our class time on! S-N Text Reading Assignment Ch. 2 -- Blood Oxygen transport problems Fick's Principle and hemoglobin problem       Part 6: Respiratory Systems C. The mechanics of breathing in mammals The mechanics of breathing Compliance Reference Materials Static analysis of mammalian lungs Lab #9: Respiration and Circulation, week 2 (Individual projects)
Cl #37 12 / 2 (W)	The dynamics of breathing
Cl #38 12 / 4 (F)	Blood, breathing and acid-base balance Acid-Base PP Acid/Base Problems RespProb7_pHreview RespProbs --Acid-base RespProb9_Acid-baseDisturb
Cl #39 12 / 7 (M)	Alveolar - Blood Gas Exchange Lung/Blood Problems RespProb10_blGas&Vd.pdf RespProb11_RespCalcs.pdf     RespProb12_CO2-O2 Diagram.pdf Dilution Problem Diving and Dead Space IN FINAL LAB     Extreme conditions and gas exchange -- high altitude and diving respiratory physiology Lab #10: Discussion of previous labs
12 / 9 (W)	Study Period Begins
Comprehensive Final Exam Thursday December 17 from 2:30 to 5:30

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Lab Schedule General Lab Information
SEPT. 7	Lab 1: Regulation of plasma glucose. Instrumentation for Glucose Lab GTT Simulation Problems Solutions to probs.   Cumulative Lab Results bG lab assignment (discussed in lab) Cumulative results of the blood glucose lab
SEPT. 14	Lab 2: Spirometry and the measurement of respiratory volumes. Resting metabolism.   Measurement of Resting Metabolic Rate in Humans Measuring Respiratory Volumes   Resource Materials for this Lab Background (applies to lab #3 in part) Protocol (applies to lab #3 in part) RQ Table (also attached to Aerobic Metabolism Notes)
SEPT .21	Lab 3: Temperature and metabolism Animal Physiology Art. Cold room.© 2003 by Andrew Pina, CHC Biology '04.
SEPT. 28	EXAM #1 -- 2 TO 4 PM -- Includes lecture material and 15 point lab exam.
OCT. 5	Lab 4: O 5 PM -- LAB -- AN INTRODUCTION TO USING BIOPAC SOFTWARE Statistics Overview A/D Conversions Additional Resources Excel and error bars Excel and multi-scatter plots
OCT. 12	NO LAB -- Columbus Day Break
OCT. 19	L5. Muscle function -- emg and force. -- make-up of earlier missed lab. The nature of compound action potentials and Fourier transformations.
OCT. 26	EXAM #2 -- 2 TO 4 PM-- Includes lecture material and 15 point lab exam.
NOV. 2	Lab 6: Neuronal simulations and compound extracellular potential -- the electroencephalogram (EEG). Neuron simulation handout Biopac handouts for EEG labs. Campus access only EEG, part 1 EEG, part 2
NOV. 9	Lab 7: The measurement circulatory and respiratory parameters: blood pressure and the electrocardiogram (limb and chest leads).   Lab materials (these are long and we have copies in lab -- please use only as a screen-read pdf. Campus access only EKG 1 EKG 2 EKG & Pulse Blood Pressure
NOV. 16	Animal Physiology Art. Diving response experiment. © 2003 by Andrew Pina, CHC Biology '04.	Lab 8: Begin integrated respiration and circulation Respiration and circulation, week 1 Measurement of Respiratory Volumes (in lab) Measurement of forced Expiratory Volumes
NOV. 23	EXAM #3 -- 2 to 4 PM -- Includes lecture material and 15 point lab exam.
NOV. 30	:Lab 9:Respiration and circulation, week 2. Regulation of breathing. Respiration and circulation, week 2 Minute Volumes and Breathing Rates (be sure to do this problem before lab) Regulation of Breathing (in lab)	Luke, Matt and Taylor -- our center, kicker and holder--after the Nov. 8 victory over Fordham. You can play football at a high level and do well in a tough course, if you work at it! Phys 2008.
DEC. 7	Lab 10 Reading EKGs. Discussion of previous labs.

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