Principles of Biology:
Conservation Biology

(Biology 114)

Dr. Ken Prestwich


Class Materials and Schedule

Spring Semester 2010
College of the Holy Cross

 

 

Basking alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) at the Paynes Prairie State Preserve State Park near Gainesville FL. Your instructor was involved in a project that involved measuring and tracking these animals in the mid-1970s when they were considered threatened/endangered as a result of habitat loss and hunting. With protection, they have come back to exceptional abundance and are again legally hunted in some parts of the state for meat and hides (but not in the park). Once-abundant threatened species sometimes recover rapidly with protection, especially in the heart of their range. In other cases, they do not. In our region, the question remains open as to what will happen to the New England/Maritimes cod fishery. (knp photo, Gainesville FL, March 2010.)

FRI MARCH 19: Note that the Life chapter on population biology, a very important but fairly difficult chapter, can be tackled over the next two classes.

Links to Assignment Due Dates

Course information sheet
(textbooks, general overview)

25 Minute Quiz
(50 pt.)

Exam #1
(100 pts)

Exam #2
(100 pts)

Final Exam
(200 pts)

Paper #2

Paper #3

Jan. 20 (W)
Cl #1

Course Preface

Introduction. A road map for the course.
What is conservation biology and what does one need to learn to be conversant in this field of study?

Three philosophical approaches to conservation biology.

Assignment

Hunter & Gibbs Chapter 1

(For this class only, this assignment relates to class 1 but need not be done until class #2. Normally, the assignments should be done as of the listed class.)

Jan. 22 (F)
Cl #2


Philosophical bases of conservation biology,continued.
Discussion of conservation ethics and Leopold essay. Discussion will continue on Moodle.

Assignments

Same H&G reading as for class #1

revised Class #2 PP notes (CHC access only )

Jan. 25 (M)
Cl #3

Discussion of conservation ethics and Leopold essay. Discussion will continue on Moodle.

Section 1. About Science for the Non-Scientist.
The philosophical underpinnings of science in general and biology in particular
.

Science as a way of knowing.
The philosophical basis and processes of science.

Assignments

Philosophy and science & methodology handout

Short Paper #1 Assignment
DUE FRIDAY FEB 5 at START of CLASS
revised Class #3 PP notes
CHC access only )

Jan. 27 (W)
Cl #4

The role of certainty in science and conservation biology.
An introduction to hypothesis testing.

Assignments

Jan. 29 (F)
Cl #5

The use of statistics in hypothesis testing.
Revolutions in science.
Variation, scale and organization in biology: concepts relating to organization and to time and space.

Assignment

The biological hierarchy

revised Class #5 PP notes
CHC access only

Feb. 1 (M)
Cl #6

Section 2. Boot Camp for Conservation Biology Students -- Relevant Biological Principles
A. The sources of biological diversity at the individual and sub-individual level.

Biodiversity overview.
Begin an overview of basic genetics needed for conservation biologists.

Assignment

revised Class #6 PP notes
CHC access only

Feb. 3 (W)
Cl #7

Simple genetic concepts and individual variation.

Assignment

revised Class #7 PP notes
CHC access only

Feb. 5 (F)
Cl #8

FIRST PAPER DUE BY START OF CLASS (HARD COPY AND E-COPY)

Simple genetic concepts, continued.
Macro and micro-traits.
Chromosomes & ploidy. NEXT WED QUIZ MATERIAL ENDS HERE -- NO HARDY-WEINBERG OR POPULATION GENETICS ON THE EXAM.

Assignment

Genetics and individual variation handout -- previous class
REVISED Class #8 PP notes
CHC access only

Feb. 8 (M)
Cl #9

B. Genes, populations, and evolution

Population genetics and microevolution.
The conditions for stasis -- the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
The concept of allele frequencies.
Modeling the genetics of populations: the Hardy-Weinberg equation.

Assignment

SAME AS PREVIOUS CLASS
REVISED Class #9 PP notes
CHC access only

Feb. 10 (W)
Cl #10

25 minute, 50-Point Quiz -- through BASIC genetics (class #8)
Finish Hardy-Weinberg.
Begin the genetics of small populations
.

Assignment

Feb. 12 (F)
Cl #11

Genetic drift, bottlenecks, and founder effects.
Begin natural selection.

Assignment

Life, Ch. 22 (The mechanisms of evolution)
This section will largely reiterate the class notes on pop. genetics-- read it for a good overview.

Feb. 15 (M)
Cl #12

Natural selection -- random and directed features of evolution by natural selection

Assignment

Same reading from Life as previous class
(The mechanisms of evolution)
Feb. 17 (W)
Cl #13

Chance factors and evolution -- founder effects
Genetic bottlenecks and evolution

Assignment

Feb. 19 (F)
Cl #14
C. Species Definitions and Speciation
Species concepts

Assignment

Feb. 22 (M)
Cl #15

Species concepts, continued

Assignment

Same reading as previous class

Feb. 24 (W)
Cl #16

How are species formed?

Assignment

revised Class #16 PP notes
CHC access only
Feb. 26 (F)
Cl #17

Section 3. Let's Apply what we have learned: Conservation and Diversity at Population Level

What is biological diversity?
How is diversity measured? Abundance,rare and common species, species richness, evenness.
Mathematical indices to measure richness -- The Simpson Index.

 

Assignment

revised Class #17 PP notes
CHC access only
Feb. 26 to March 7: Spring Break!

March 8 (M)
Cl #18

Measurements of species diversity, continued.
Species diversity and spatial scale.
The instrumental and intrinsic values of species diversity.

Assignment

March 10 (W)
Cl #19

Species diversity -- Threatened and endangered species: an introduction to the IUCN Red List. END MATERIAL FOR EXAM 1 with "red list."

REVIEW SESSION 5:30 PM IN CLASSROOM.

Assignment

 
March 12 (F)
Cl #20

EXAM #1 (100 pts.) -- ALL material through SPECIES DIVERSITY.

March 15 (M)
Cl #21

Genetic diversity.

Assignment

March 17 (W)
Cl #22

Genetic diversity and its determinants, continued.
Heterozygosity.
Effective population sizes.

Assignment

H&G Ch 5 (questions with last class)
March 19 (F)
Cl #23

Finish genetic diversity and its determinants:

  • Models of the effects of bottlenecks, drift and inbreeding on genetic variation.
  • Outbreeding depression.
Section 4. Back to Boot Camp for Conservation Biology Students -- Relevant Ecological Principles
A. Population & Evolutionary Ecology

Overview of ecology.
Begin the ecology of populations -- spatial distributions.

Assignment

Life, Ch. 55 (Population Ecology)
(please note that you will be using this material the next few classes)

March
22 (M)

Cl #24

Age distributions.
Population ecology -- the growth of populations.

Assignment

Same assignment as above
March 24 (W)
Cl #25

Finish population ecology

Assignment

same reading as previous class
PP
CHC access only
March 26 (F)
Cl #26

Evolutionary ecology, -- biotic interactions
Species Interactions
Begin community ecology

Assignment

Solutions to Problems given in classes #s22&24.
Mark/Recapture Solutions

PP
CHC access only
March 29 (M)
Cl #27

Finish evolutionary ecology.
Community ecology.

Assignment

same assignment in Life as previous
PP
CHC access only
March 31 (W)
Cl #28

Continue community ecology.
What structures a community?
Trophic structure of communities and ecosystems.

 

Assignment

same assignments as previous class
PP
CHC access only
April 1 (Thurs) thru 5 (Mon): Easter Break
April 7 (W)
Cl #29

Ecological succession.
Disturbances.
Models of community diversity. Basic biogeography.
An introduction to ecosystems and the notion of ecosystem services.

Assignment

PP
CHC access only
April 9 (F)
Cl #30

Basic biogeography, continued.
An introduction to ecosystems and the notion of ecosystem services.

Section 5. Threats to Biodiversity

Why are extinctions bad?
The history of extinctions.

Assignment

PP
CHC access only
April 12 (M)
Cl #31

Historical causes of extinctions -- a review of mass extinction events and their causes.

Assignment

same assignment as previous class
PP
CHC access only
April 14 (W)
Cl #32

Comparisons of extinctions. MATERIAL FOR EXAM 2 ENDS

New Material for final exam begins: Factors that predispose populations to extinction.

Assignment

H&G Ch. 7 -- Extinction Processes
Note that this material will not be on exam #2 but will be on the final exam,

PP
CHC access only
April 16 (F)
Cl #33

EXAM #2 (100 pts.) Coverage -- Diversity through extinction (Feb. 23 to mid class April 3)

April 19 (M)
Cl #34

Estimating the chance that a population will go extinct -- population viability analyses (PVA).
Overexploitation -- types and history.

Assignment

reading: same as previous class
PP
CHC access only
April 21 (W)
Cl #35

TERM PAPERS DUE (ELECTRONIC AND PAPER SUBMISSION BY START OF CLASS)
Consequences of over-exploitation of biological resources.

Assignment

H&G Ch. 9 Overexploitation

PP
CHC access only
Thursday April 22 -- Earth Day
April 23 (F)
Cl #36

Rational models of exploitation of biological resources.
Invasive species -- how do species move about -- with our help and on their own.

Assignment

H&G Ch. 10 "Invasives"

PP
CHC access only
April 26 (M)
Cl #37

Characteristics of invasive species.

Assignment

same reading

PP
CHC access only

April 28 (W)
Cl #38

Discussion of factors that degrade ecosystems.
Fragmentation and habitat loss.

Assignment

H&G Ch. 8 Ecosystem Degradation and Loss

PP
CHC access only
April 30 (F)
Cl #39

Finish ecosystem degradation and fragmentation.

Section 4. Techniques to conserve and to maintain biological diversity.

Managing and restoring populations

Assignment

PP
CHC access only

May 3 (M)
Cl #40

Case study -- management of the West Indies Manatee. Dr. Catherine Langtimm of the Sirenia Project, USGS, will visit.
Managing populations

Assignment

same assignment as previous class
PP
CHC access only
extra credit opportunity (20 pts)
May 5 (W)
Study Period Begins
May 14 (FRIDAY)
 175 pt Comprehensive Final Exam 2:30 PM
 

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