Ethology and
Behavioral Ecology

(Biology 287)

Dr. Ken Prestwich


Class Materials and Schedule

Spring Semester 2008

College of the Holy Cross

 

A mother bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis, nursing her lamb. This lamb is nearing weaning time, a topic that we will consider in the next class. Photo by KN Prestwich, east of Jasper, Alberta.

Thursday -- I simplified the notes on the desertion model -- if you have previously downloaded them, please use the new one (available with Friday's class).

Take home questions #1
(due Feb. 29)

Instructions for class presentation

Acoustics or optimal foraging exercise.

The History and Methodologies of the Sciences of Animal Behavior

Jan. 16 (W)
Cl #1

Q&A on course structure (see course information sheet above).
Introduction.
What is the study of animal behavior, what does it rest on, and why is it a valuable enterprise?
Begin the history of the study of animal behavior -- evolution and ethology.

 
Handouts and Assignments
Study Questions for Dugatkin, Ch. 1 and read Ch 2 pp 33-41 only (a review of evolution)

Jan. 18 (F)
Cl #2

Ethograms and observational techniques.
Comparative psychology and behaviorism..
The "nature-nurture crisis" of the 60s and70s.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
Assignments same as for class #1 plus V & >
Assignment: Practical Project:
Limited Ethogram of Betta splendans, part 1
Jan. 21 (M)
No Classes -- The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. Day

Jan. 23 (W)
Cl #3

Comparative psychology.
The crisis in behaviorism and ethology -- time for a paradigm shift.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

PP - History of animal behavior -- finish comp. psy. and move to present
(CHC access only)

Mechanisms Responsible for Behavior -- From Genes and the Environment to Structure to Behavior.
Jan. 25 (F)
Cl #4

Sociobiology and behavioral ecology.
Finish history with "present syntheses".
Finale on course introduction -- Infanticide in langurs. (about 10-15 minutes of class discussion).

Drawing lines between genes, experience, structures and behavior part 1: Heritability of behavior
Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Jan. 28 (M)
Cl #5

ETHOGRAM DUE AT START OF CLASS
Begin genes and behavior -- how do we know that genotypic differences are linked to behavioral differences?
Several examples of easily demonstrated linkages between genotype and behavior.
The heritability concept.
Handouts, Assignments and Resources
PP notes on heritability
(CHC access only)

Jan. 30 (W)
Cl #6

Genes and behavior, continued.
Hormones. Biological rhythms.
Brief discussion about domesticity and selection.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Overview of behavioral mechanisms
section of course

Thought/Discussion Questions
(for your studies -- will not be discussed in class)

Feb. 1 (F)
Cl #7

Discussion on article dealing with the uterine environment and behavior in rodents.
Drawing lines between genes, experience, structures and behavior part 2: Genes, proteins and behavior
:
About Information processing systems -- an introduction
Where did behavior come from?
Proteins in communication and calculation.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Overview of behavioral mechanisms
section of course

Thought/Discussion Questions
(for your studies -- will not be discussed in class)
Feb. 4 (M)
Cl #8

SEQUENCE DATA DUE BY THE START OF CLASS (turn in electronically)

Chemically based behavioral systems.
Electrical communication.

Drawing lines between genes, experience, structures and behavior 3. Cellular mechanisms.
About the evolution of multiicellularity.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
Behavior and proteins in unicellular organisms
Cellular networks and neural computation
same PP as for previous class
Feb. 6 (W)
Cl #9

Cellular network computation -- the flexibility of networks.
Sensor operation. Simple neural behavioral systems.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

PP -- Neural networks
(CHC access only)
Feb. 8 (F)
Cl #10

Examples of integrated network function -- Bat avoidance by noctuid moths and crickets.
Begin development.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Feb. 11 (M)
Cl #11

Development, continued. Wiring the nervous system.
Drawing lines between genes, experience, structures and behavior 4. Learning

Learning -- overview. Non-associative forms.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Feb. 13 (W)
Cl #12

Classical and operant learning.
Handouts, Assignments and Resources
PP -- Learning # 1
(CHC access only)

Feb. 15 (F)
Cl #13

Spatial, latent and social learning.
Social learning and animal culture.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
PP -- Learning #2
(CHC access only)
Feb. 18 (M)
Cl #14

KINEMATIC DIAGRAMS DUE AT START OF CLASS
Social learning and animal culture, continued.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
same as previous
PP -- Learning 3
(CHC access only)

The New Science of Cognitive Ethology

Feb. 20 (W)
Cl #15

Evolution of learning -- When does learned behavior make sense?
END MATERIAL FOR EXAM #1

Start Cognitive ethology
-- the "new old" frontier of animal behavior:
Can animals think? Are animals conscious? Are these worthwhile (scientific questions) or are there better questions to ask?

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

PP -- End Learning & Cognitive Ethology 1
(CHC access only)

Internet reading assignment
Philosophy and Cognitive Ethology
(by Prof. Colin Allen of Texas A&M

Feb. 22 (F)
Cl #16

The solvable problems approach.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Articles about cognitive ethology
(CHC access only)

PP -- Cognitive Ethology 2 (zipped file)
(CHC access only)

Feb. 25 (M)
Cl #17

EXAM #1 -- ALL MATERIAL THROUGH LEARNING

Feb. 27 (W)
Cl #18

Expectancy violation as a method.
Hauser's and others notions of "Mental toolkits" -- navigation, toolmaking and numbers.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
same as previous + starling piece (CHC access only)
Tool making in crows
(CHC access only)
Cognitive Ethology 3
(CHC access only)
Feb. 29 (F)
Cl #19

TAKE HOME QUESTIONS DUE
Examples of lines of investigation.
Toolmaking.
finish cognitive eth
ology. Antecedents of human moral sense?
Personality in animals?

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
PP -- Cognitive Ethology 4 (CHC access only)

March 1 - 9

Spring Break

Communication
March 10 (M)
Cl #20

Finish cognitive ethology with class discussion on fairness and personality in animals (see before break reading assignment.

Begin Communication-- The importance of sender, receiver, and environment.
Characteristics of communication channels.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Dugatkin, Ch. 12 -- Communication
-- a good easy read, lots of great examples.
Theory in class

March 12 (W)
Cl #21
Information transfer defined by their cost and benefits to senders and receivers.
Effects of channel on signal evolution


Handouts, Assignments and Resources

same as previous class

PP -- Communication 2
(CHC access only)
March 14 (F)
Cl #22

Cooperative signaling. Effects imposed by the receiver on the evolution of signals.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Notes on evolution and pop. genetics

PP -- Communication 3
(CHC access only)
March 17 (M)
Cl #23

Cooperative signaling and sexual selection, continued.
Fisherian and Zahavian signals.

Mullerian mimics.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
Communication 4
(CHC access only)

March 19 (W)
Cl #24

Non-cooperative communication
The evolution of language. What is it and do animals have it?

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
PP -- Communication 5
(CHC access only)

March 20 (THURS)

-24 (MON)

EASTER BREAK

Conflict, Aggression and Fighting

March 26 (W)
Cl #25

Overview of aggression and proximate and ultimate theories relating to same.
Contests and alternative strategies.
An introduction to game theory and the evolutionarily stable strategy concept.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Class game theory website
(specifics in class)

Resources
Hardy-Weinberg review -- see notes on evolution and pop genetics (given on 3-14, Cl #22)
Population genetics problems solutions
March 28 (F)
Cl #26

Game theory, continued. Hawks and Doves.
Territory and ownership.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

same readings as previous class

Obtaining Resources (and avoiding becoming one): Foraging, Anti-Predation Behavior, and Habitat Selection
March 31 (M)
Cl #27

Finish game theory.
Begin foraging behavior and how it is studied.

TITLE AND LITERATURE SUMMARY DUE FOR TERM PAPER - papers due April 16

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

April 2 (W)
Cl #28

B-C maximization -- several examples
Rate maximization models of foraging.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

April 4 (F)
Cl #29

Optimal diet and constraint models.
Overview of the disk equation followed by a discussion of oystercatcher work

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
The derivation of Holling's disk equation
(previously given with last class)
Dugatkin Ch. 11 Study Questions
-- Anitpredator Behavior

PP notes -- (CHC access only) -- these notes will also be used to start class on Monday April 7

 

April 7 (M)
Cl #30

 

Finish discussion of the oystercatcher foraging model
Various critiques of optimality models. END EXAM #2 COVERAGE

Begin resource allocation among individuals. Scramble competition and intro to IFD.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Resource allocation models handout

April 9 (W)
Cl #31

EXAM #2 -- ALL MATERIAL THOUGH FORAGING AND OPTIMALITY

Reproduction, Sexual Selection and Mating Systems

April 11 (F)
Cl #32

Ideal free distributions, continued.
Territoriality and migration.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
 

April 14 (M)
Cl #33

Finish territoriality
An aside -- reproductive and life history strategies.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

An introduction to life history strategies

finish PP on competition
Life history strategies

April 16 (W)
Cl #34

Sex, sexual selection, and mate choice

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

April 18 (F)
Cl #35

Begin mating systems

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
April 21 (M)
Cl #36

Polyandry and polygyny.
Polygyny threshold model.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources
Parental behavior and kinship
April 23 (W)
Cl #37

TERM PAPERS DUE AT THE START OF CLASS

Finish mating systems -- sperm competition and mate guarding.
Patterns of parental care.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Dugatkin, Ch. 8

 

April 25 (F)
Cl #38

Mate desertion
Parent/offspring conflict
Sibling interactions. The cold calculations of being an older sib.

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Models of parent/offspring conflict

April 28 (M)
Cl #39

Introduction -- What is social behavior?
A survey of social behavior in animals and the social - solitary continuum
Social behavior in animals that the selective pressures invoked to explain it

Handouts, Assignments and Resources

Proposed mechanisms for the evolution of cooperative social behavior

 

Dugatkin, Chs. 8 & 9

PP notes
(CHC access only)

April 30 (W)

STUDY PERIOD BEGINS

May 8 (THUR.)
 Final Exam 8:30 PM

College of the Holy Cross

The Biology Department

Ken Prestwich's Homepage

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Giant swallowtail caterpillar (Papilio cresphontes).